Archive for January, 2010

It’s in the Bag: Part 1

Friday, January 29th, 2010

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Recently I’ve shown you koala and kangaroo pictures, and in the past I’ve posted pictures of dogs, giraffes, and yaks. By this point, you should be an expert in animal identification. Based on the breakdowns below, see if you can figure out which animal each compound represents:

袋熊 (fukuro-guma)     pouch + bear
袋狼 (fukuro-ōkami)     pouch + wolf
袋鼠 (fukuro-nezumi)     pouch + mouse

Words for Discussing Pouched Animals …

To block the answers, I’ll present the vitals on the kanji of the moment:

(TAI, DAI, fukuro: (1) bag; sack, pouch; (2) skin of an orange (and other like fruits); (3) dead end; (4) plot of land surrounded by water)

The Etymology of

So many meanings!

By the way, the first on-yomi of is easy to remember, because we so often tie (タイ) bags!

Once again, here’s the koala sign that has prompted this examination of . You can also revisit the breakdown of the words in the sign.

Read the rest of this entry »

Advanced Japanese Lesson:お足(o-ashi)

Thursday, January 28th, 2010

今、あなたの財布にはいくらお金が入っていますか?

給料やこづかいをもらって財布に入れておいたはずなのに、いつの間に遣ったのか気づくと残りのお金が少なくなっていた…こんな経験を誰もが味わったことがあるのではないでしょうか?

お金はまるで生き物のように、足でも生えていて勝手に出て行ってしまうようです。 Read the rest of this entry »

January 2010 Social Media Contest Winners!

Tuesday, January 26th, 2010

Every month, we are giving away great JapanesePod101.com prizes to 4 lucky listeners. Sign up to follow us on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or JapanesePod101.com to be eligible to win. Increase your chances of winning by following us on all four sites!

Here are January’s winners:

Facebook: Shoshana Stein
Youtube: giampaolo74
Twitter: Shigekoi
JapanesePod101: helokitti3188

See your name here? Email us at contactus@JapanesePod101.com to claim your prize. Check back next month for February’s winners!

Happy Birthday to Whom?

Friday, January 22nd, 2010

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What do you think the following word means?

虚誕 (kyotan)

The first kanji, (KYO, KO, muna(shii)), means “empty” or “false,” as we saw long ago. You may recognize from 誕生日 (tanjōbi: birthday, to be born + to be born + day), where means “to be born, birth.” So 虚誕 is a false birth?! No, has other meanings, and the pertinent one in 虚誕 relates to the original definition of .

In , the radical is (words). That’s not entirely obvious, because every component in can serve as a radical!

All Can Be Radicals …

Meanwhile, is “to stretch, extend,” also acting phonetically in to express “big.” With “big, stretched words,” you have bragging or exaggerations. Thus, originally meant “deception” or “false.”

That’s the meaning in our star word, as the breakdown indicates:

虚誕 (kyotan: exaggerated talk)     false + false

More False Talk …

That’s not the whole etymological story, though. The word 降誕 (kōtan: holy birth, royal birth, to descend (from heaven) + birth) originally meant “making a fuss about a holy (or royal) birth.” That makes sense, given the exaggerations inherent in back then. Consequently, “birth” became an extended meaning of , which we can define in an assortment of ways:

(TAN: to be born, nativity, false, to be arbitrary)

“To be born” is now the main meaning, as in 誕生日 and its root: Read the rest of this entry »

Advanced Japanese Lesson:恋愛(ren’ai)

Thursday, January 21st, 2010

昭和初期まで「恋」という漢字は「戀」と書いていました。

1949年に、画数が多く難しい漢字を「旧字体」、簡素化された文字を「新字体」と呼んで、これ以降は新字体を用いるようになったのです。

さて、「戀」には「心」が見られますので、感情や心の動きを表わす漢字であることはすぐに分かりますね。では、その上の「糸言糸」はどのような意味を持っているのでしょうか。 Read the rest of this entry »

Locating Your Longings: Part 4

Friday, January 15th, 2010

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When you long for something or someone, do you think of that longing as having a particular location? Do you store it somewhere, such as your heart, mind, soul, or journal? I don’t feel as if my yearnings have specific addresses; they seem all-pervasive. But the following word hints at the idea that desire is actually lodged (宿) somewhere!

宿望 (shukubō: long-cherished desire)     to lodge + desire

This may have something to do with the nuances of 宿 (SHUKU, yado: to lodge), which also appears in two words synonymous with 宿望:

宿志 (shukushi: longstanding desire)     to lodge + purpose

We’ve seen in both 意志 (ishi: will, intention, determination, intention + to intend) and 志望 (shibō: wish, desire, ambition, ambition + to aspire). Working with Halpern’s definitions, I’ve defined this kanji a little differently all three times!

宿願 (shukugan: longstanding desire)     to lodge + desire

You may recognize as the central part of お願い (onegai: wish). GAN is an on-yomi of , and we see this yomi again here:

願望 (ganbō: wish, desire)     desire + wish

Aha! We’ve come full circle, returning to !

If you also want to return to the idea that wishes can be stored somewhere inside a person, check out this word: Read the rest of this entry »

Advanced Japanese Lesson:睦月(Mutsuki)

Thursday, January 14th, 2010

明治時代まで日本で使われていたカレンダーでは、一月は「睦月(むつき)」と呼ばれていました。言うまでもなく、一月は「正月」であり、年が改まった最初の一ヶ月です。

そんな一月をなぜ「睦月」と呼ぶようになったのでしょうか。 Read the rest of this entry »

Great Expectations: Part 3

Friday, January 8th, 2010

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明けましておめでとうございます!Akemashite omedetō gozaimasu! Happy New Year!). We’ve seen that this 明け means “to open, begin.” What I hadn’t seen until last week was this version of the greeting:

謹賀新年 (Kingashinnen: Happy New Year)
     respectfully + to congratulate + new + year

On 謹賀

A Japanese friend posted this on my Facebook page. Although I guessed the meaning, I was puzzled both by the yomi and by the fact that I’d never heard this expression. That’s because it’s formal and is used only in writing.

Whereas the 明けまして phrase sounds completely Japanese, 謹賀新年 consists of four on-yomi, so it seems more Chinese. However, I will forever associate it with Australia, because that’s where I was last week when I received the greeting. About an hour later, while admiring koalas at a koala conservation site, I realized that the tourists next to me were Japanese. After they’d gazed at the nearest koala and said “Kawai!” several times, I showed them the message on my cell phone and asked for the yomi.

Japanese Highlights of the Trip …

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More Koalas! …

Read the rest of this entry »

Advanced Japanese Lesson:賀正(gashō)

Thursday, January 7th, 2010

皆さん、明けましておめでとうございます。

これは、新年の一般的な挨拶です。そして、日本では新年のお祝いを葉書きに記して送り合います。これを「年賀状」と呼ぶことは、皆さん、ご存知ですね。

さて、今日はこの年賀状に書かれる決まり文句を紹介しましょう。 Read the rest of this entry »

Advanced Japanese Lesson:柊(Hiiragi)

Monday, January 4th, 2010

「木」に「冬」を組み合わせた漢字を知っていますか?

「柊(ひいらぎ)」です。この漢字は日本で作られた文字で、昔の暦の初冬にあたる10月頃に白い花を咲かせることから「木+冬」の組み合わせとなりました。

柊はトゲのある葉が特徴的なモクセイ科の常緑低木で、本州から四国、九州に及ぶ比較的温暖な山地に自生する植物です。クリスマスリースに用いられることで有名な柊ですが、これは厳密に区分すると日本の柊とは異なるそうです。しかし、トゲトゲした緑色の葉は同じ種類の植物に見えますね。

この尖った葉に触ると指が痛むことから、「ひいらぎ」という名前がついたとのこと。「疼らく(ひいらく=ひりひり痛む)」という古代の動詞が語源だという説があります。

また、日本では節分の日に鰯の頭を柊に刺して戸口に立てて置く風習があります。これは、柊の鋭いトゲと鰯の生臭さを嫌って、鬼が退散するという言い伝えに則っているのです。

ちなみに、「木」に「春」を組み合わせると「椿」。これは「つばき」と読みます。
さらに「木」の右側に「夏」を書くと「榎」。こちらは「えのき」と読みます。
では、「木」と「秋」の組み合わせでは? 「楸」(ひさぎ)ですが、常用漢字ではないため、初めて見た人がほとんどでしょう。

今回は春夏秋冬の四つの季節を右側に記す漢字を紹介しました。

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Do you know the kanji that combines the characters for “tree” (木)and “winter” (冬)?

It’s 柊(ひいらぎ), meaning “holly olive”. This kanji was created in Japan, and came from the concept of white flowers that come into bloom around the early winter or tenth month of the old calendar: 木 (tree) + 冬 (winter).

The holly olive is a shrub with evergreen thorny leaves characteristic of the olive family of plants. It grows naturally in comparatively warm mountainous areas from Honshu all the way to Shikoku and Kyūshū. Holly is famously used for Christmas wreaths, but strictly speaking the Japanese holly olive is a different plant. The lush green thorny leaves look to be the same variety, though.

Apparently this holly olive, or ひいらぎ, was so named from the fact that on touching one of its sharp leaves, your finger hurts. There is a theory that the root of the name lies in the ancient verb 疼らく (ひいらく), which is equivalent to the modern Japanese ひりひり痛む, or “a prickling, stinging pain”.

Furthermore, in Japan there is the custom on the day of Setsubun (a holiday celebrating the end of winter) of sticking a sprig of holly olive through the head of いわし (pilchards) and fastening them to the doorway of the house. This is in accordance with the legend that demons hate the sharp thorns of the holly olive and the stink of the fish, and will disperse on being confronted with these.

Incidentally,  if you combine 木 (tree) and 春 (spring), you get 椿 (the common camellia flower) which is read つばき.

Furthermore, if you write 夏 (summer) on the right hand side of 木 (tree), you get 榎 (えのき, or Japanese hackberry).

So what if we combine 木 (tree) and 秋 (autumn)?  We get 楸(ひ さぎ, or yellow catalpa), but as this is not one of the 1,945 kanji in common use, most people have probably never seen it before.

So that concludes your introduction to four kanji which use the characters for the four seasons on their right-hand side.